What is the primary purpose of a trial balance?

The primary purpose of a trial balance is to verify that total debits equal total credits. This step is essential in the accounting process because it ensures that the double-entry accounting system is working correctly. In double-entry accounting, every financial transaction affects at least two accounts, and proper recording keeps the accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Equity) balanced. If the total debits do not equal total credits, it indicates that there may be errors in the accounting records, such as a transaction being recorded incorrectly or omitted altogether.

While a trial balance does lay the groundwork for preparing financial statements, that is not its main function. The trial balance primarily acts as a tool for error-checking and validation of the accounting entries before moving on to the preparation of formal financial statements. The determination of net income is derived from the income statement, which is prepared after the trial balance has been verified. Similarly, the assurance of debts being paid pertains to cash flow management rather than the trial balance's function. Thus, the correct understanding of a trial balance's role is foundational for maintaining accurate financial records in accounting.