What is the purpose of variance analysis?

Variance analysis serves the important purpose of investigating the differences between planned financial outcomes and actual results. This analysis is a crucial aspect of financial management and budgeting because it allows organizations to identify areas where performance deviates from expectations. By analyzing variances, management can understand why certain discrepancies occurred—whether results were better or worse than anticipated—and make informed decisions to improve future performance.

This process enables businesses to adjust their budgets, refine forecasting techniques, and implement corrective actions to enhance operational efficiency. It also aids in performance evaluation by providing insights into specific areas where managers may need to focus their efforts or resources.

The other options, while related to financial management, do not encompass the primary purpose of variance analysis. Forecasting future sales and expenditures, evaluating investments based on market conditions, and comparing financial performance with competitors each serve distinct functions without specifically addressing the analysis of disparities between planned and actual performance.